JFIFC    $ &%# #"(-90(*6+"#2D26;=@@@&0FKE>J9?@=C  =)#)==================================================" }!1AQa"q2#BR$3br %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz w!1AQaq"2B #3Rbr $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ?׸CeI=Oh|b:W)s!<U)SYarNw'R+IJ`cSMa khVjMͧu@=k  dA-t}< .Q>b_]K1'S,pR]NjU=*}FQO#4((CFEKLn0A+(i{)3&c7uyE'\,wou 268$*ґ-z:Dm3PI4ژ!*f}sWCo#"%†o G[Űz>c;N=WOku͌koi^9ů浅(VIccH= _SƧ3F(h#tF;Tٛ)%۸:yխmIPV[vT }kRug.U7M'lzVPWzA$sgp>v'|vUzjuE K"(Y S?k0A~]e4%-ǵtˢ̲HbsHɁ)aK_^chYX;}F:is8(]B;dz]ЬS `p28#Q]* $I{UES@jcL)i-0 ( ( cKQMҀ(O>x{EW } i] sÓHMyυ55J v_*S o˪Esm ЮpW~isp#+izP\] 10r4NyB3+mdszκ$HSphL=*ih(ɳ7n7vVRr"² ҵ$(rv#*t渷I:oTj ;pF8t}O&fR93֘J2@=r*DQڡTҁ!\E8p<b%皶CVqADR((RR ˠ9 N nݩ nIzzԲdc\CqY!cV:\+ރ65{jW:GM䇏sm:MoI!NNjmpR2Bz(x}7DJf!]MWW..pKJ(5+C]Ŵ(Sjk_jk%+x95zipe`r$&Ga )! .N1zһ NqQ;9HC+!'?Z<ҫ˟Ƥ% 緵_6 ㊸A?h EUA?JU>a)hQ@Q@G&1IL|@89d]eۋp ľ.RdkkP,6YOjչWR;Yr|ÒTD4MO!qQ<1+ B[zriO]|!YGR%; mPVGyLQE{bnUN{ sTC r`0py4QJIJHn*1 iHZ]~Rz(H%䃷$ (-# the major muscles used in jumping. To achieve a similar training effect with conventional exercises, an athlete would have to perform a leg press, back extension, calf raise, upright row, biceps curl and military press-and even then they would be missing a few muscles. <br>In addition to their practical advantages, such Olympic lifting variations as the power clean enable the muscles to contract faster (so skaters can jump higher) and to control impact forces (to land more difficult jumps). However, if I were to use the protocols set by many medical authorities, I would not be able to use weightlifting programs such as BFS until after most of my athletes had retired.<br><br>The Bigger They Are . . .<br><br>One of the major - and unfounded - concerns about weight training for young athletes is that it could cause damage to the epiphysial (growth) plates. <br>Although injury to the epiphysial plates may cause bone deformity, there is little risk of this occurring with weight training compared to most sports. As for the risk of weight training stunting growth, premature closing of the epiphysial plates is related primarily to hormonal influences, not injury. Addressing this subject is Mel Siff, Ph.D., an exercise scientist whose doctorate thesis examined the biomechanics of soft tissues. <br> It has never been shown scientifically or clinically that the periodic imposition of large forces by weight training on the growing body causes damage to the epiphysial plates, says Siff, in his book Facts and Fallacies of Fitness.  It is extremely misleading to focus on the alleged risks of weight training on children when biomechanical research shows that simple daily activities such as running, jumping, striking or catching can impose far greater forces on the musculoskeletal system than very heavy weight training. <br>To illustrate his point, Siff compared the stress of squatting with running.  Suppose that one child runs a few hundred meters a day in some sporting or recreational activities. This can easily involve several thousand foot strikes in which the reaction force imposed on the body can easily exceed 4 times bodyweight with every stride. Now let another child do a typical average weight training session with 3-5 sets of squats (say, with 10 reps, 8, 6 and 4 reps), with bodyweight or more for the last set. That bodyweight is divided betwe