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The long term effect of creatine has never been studied. However, creatine has been used in the past and without incident. Athletes in the 1940s and 1950s used it until steroids became available. They switched to steroids because they got results much faster. The Eskimos ingest up to four grams of creatine per day through their high consumption of meat and fish, twice that of Americans, and, have not had any documented ill effects.<br>How much time is considered long term? Is it 5 years, 10 years, or 50 years? The FDA has been studying creatine since it exploded onto the sports scene in 1992. Dr. Mike Stone from Appalachian State University, a leader in the field of Muscle Physiology, has been studying athletes who have been taking creatine for as long as six years. To date, there are no reports of kidney, heart or liver problems.<br>Since there is no documented evidence that creatine is a health hazard, the benefits of accelerated muscle development using creatine, far outweigh at least one alternative - using anabolic steroids. For those concerned about sending the wrong message to young adults, consider this; it is a great service to young people to let them know there is a viable alternative to using anabolic steroids.<br><br>_______________________________________<br><br>Creatine is criticized <br>for the following<br><br>1. It could have been a cause in the death of three college wrestlers who died trying to  make weight. <br><br>2. It caused muscle cramping due to water retention and dehydration.<br><br>3. Creatine has an adverse effect on liver and kidney function.<br><br>4. It is lacking in long term research.<br><br>5. To a lesser degree of concern, creatine causes stomach upset, diarrhea and nausea.<br><br><br><br>ilding the Mind <br>Behind the Muscle<br>Having been involved in strength training for almost two decades, Johnson has seen a trend in using a variety of conditioning methods, rather than emphasizing just one type of training such as powerlifting.  From my perspective, most strength coaches are now incorporating multiple training stimulus in their programs. Just about every strength coach is using some type of Olympic lifting movement, some type of plyometrics-although they may not call it plyometrics, preferring the term  speed training.  <br>Over his years of experience Johnson has also seen the effect of Bigger Faster Stronger on the strength coaching profession.  Coaches all over the country are always talking about what they saw in the recent issue of BFS. Our coaches used to cut out the articles and post them on the bulletin board, and it was very motivating for us to read what an athlete in Arizona was doing as opposed to another athlete in Minnesota. I ve meet Dr. Shepard on numerous occasions and heard him speak, and he s been ahead of his time as far as getting the word out on strength and conditioning. <br>As for basic workout design, Johnson s favorite core lifts for football are the squat, bench press, push press and the power clean (which he prefers to perform from the hang).  Our biggest emphasis over that past seven years has been to develop a lot more hip, lower back, and leg strength-football is played with the lower body. 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